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442 lines
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<body>
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<div class="title">
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npm command-line interface
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</div>
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<section id="content">
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<header class="title">
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<h1 id="npm-link">npm-link</h1>
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<span class="description">Symlink a package folder</span>
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</header>
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<section id="table_of_contents">
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<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
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<div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><li><a href="#caveat">Caveat</a></li><li><a href="#workspace-usage">Workspace Usage</a></li><li><a href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li><ul><li><a href="#save"><code>save</code></a></li><li><a href="#save-exact"><code>save-exact</code></a></li><li><a href="#global"><code>global</code></a></li><li><a href="#install-strategy"><code>install-strategy</code></a></li><li><a href="#legacy-bundling"><code>legacy-bundling</code></a></li><li><a href="#global-style"><code>global-style</code></a></li><li><a href="#strict-peer-deps"><code>strict-peer-deps</code></a></li><li><a href="#package-lock"><code>package-lock</code></a></li><li><a href="#omit"><code>omit</code></a></li><li><a href="#ignore-scripts"><code>ignore-scripts</code></a></li><li><a href="#audit"><code>audit</code></a></li><li><a href="#bin-links"><code>bin-links</code></a></li><li><a href="#fund"><code>fund</code></a></li><li><a href="#dry-run"><code>dry-run</code></a></li><li><a href="#workspace"><code>workspace</code></a></li><li><a href="#workspaces"><code>workspaces</code></a></li><li><a href="#include-workspace-root"><code>include-workspace-root</code></a></li><li><a href="#install-links"><code>install-links</code></a></li></ul><li><a href="#see-also">See Also</a></li></ul></div>
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</section>
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<div id="_content"><h3 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">npm link [<package-spec>]
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alias: ln
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
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<p>This is handy for installing your own stuff, so that you can work on it and
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test iteratively without having to continually rebuild.</p>
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<p>Package linking is a two-step process.</p>
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<p>First, <code>npm link</code> in a package folder with no arguments will create a
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symlink in the global folder <code>{prefix}/lib/node_modules/<package></code> that
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links to the package where the <code>npm link</code> command was executed. It will
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also link any bins in the package to <code>{prefix}/bin/{name}</code>. Note that
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<code>npm link</code> uses the global prefix (see <code>npm prefix -g</code> for its value).</p>
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<p>Next, in some other location, <code>npm link package-name</code> will create a
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symbolic link from globally-installed <code>package-name</code> to <code>node_modules/</code> of
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the current folder.</p>
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<p>Note that <code>package-name</code> is taken from <code>package.json</code>, <em>not</em> from the
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directory name.</p>
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<p>The package name can be optionally prefixed with a scope. See
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<a href="../using-npm/scope.html"><code>scope</code></a>. The scope must be preceded by an @-symbol and
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followed by a slash.</p>
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<p>When creating tarballs for <code>npm publish</code>, the linked packages are
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"snapshotted" to their current state by resolving the symbolic links, if
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they are included in <code>bundleDependencies</code>.</p>
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<p>For example:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">cd ~/projects/node-redis # go into the package directory
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npm link # creates global link
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cd ~/projects/node-bloggy # go into some other package directory.
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npm link redis # link-install the package
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</code></pre>
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<p>Now, any changes to <code>~/projects/node-redis</code> will be reflected in
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<code>~/projects/node-bloggy/node_modules/node-redis/</code>. Note that the link
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should be to the package name, not the directory name for that package.</p>
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<p>You may also shortcut the two steps in one. For example, to do the
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above use-case in a shorter way:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">cd ~/projects/node-bloggy # go into the dir of your main project
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npm link ../node-redis # link the dir of your dependency
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</code></pre>
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<p>The second line is the equivalent of doing:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">(cd ../node-redis; npm link)
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npm link redis
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</code></pre>
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<p>That is, it first creates a global link, and then links the global
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installation target into your project's <code>node_modules</code> folder.</p>
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<p>Note that in this case, you are referring to the directory name,
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<code>node-redis</code>, rather than the package name <code>redis</code>.</p>
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<p>If your linked package is scoped (see <a href="../using-npm/scope.html"><code>scope</code></a>) your
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link command must include that scope, e.g.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">npm link @myorg/privatepackage
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="caveat">Caveat</h3>
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<p>Note that package dependencies linked in this way are <em>not</em> saved to
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<code>package.json</code> by default, on the assumption that the intention is to have
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a link stand in for a regular non-link dependency. Otherwise, for example,
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if you depend on <code>redis@^3.0.1</code>, and ran <code>npm link redis</code>, it would replace
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the <code>^3.0.1</code> dependency with <code>file:../path/to/node-redis</code>, which you
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probably don't want! Additionally, other users or developers on your
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project would run into issues if they do not have their folders set up
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exactly the same as yours.</p>
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<p>If you are adding a <em>new</em> dependency as a link, you should add it to the
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relevant metadata by running <code>npm install <dep> --package-lock-only</code>.</p>
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<p>If you <em>want</em> to save the <code>file:</code> reference in your <code>package.json</code> and
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<code>package-lock.json</code> files, you can use <code>npm link <dep> --save</code> to do so.</p>
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<h3 id="workspace-usage">Workspace Usage</h3>
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<p><code>npm link <pkg> --workspace <name></code> will link the relevant package as a
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dependency of the specified workspace(s). Note that It may actually be
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linked into the parent project's <code>node_modules</code> folder, if there are no
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conflicting dependencies.</p>
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<p><code>npm link --workspace <name></code> will create a global link to the specified
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workspace(s).</p>
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<h3 id="configuration">Configuration</h3>
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<h4 id="save"><code>save</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: <code>true</code> unless when using <code>npm update</code> where it defaults to <code>false</code></li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Save installed packages to a <code>package.json</code> file as dependencies.</p>
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<p>When used with the <code>npm rm</code> command, removes the dependency from
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<code>package.json</code>.</p>
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<p>Will also prevent writing to <code>package-lock.json</code> if set to <code>false</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="save-exact"><code>save-exact</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: false</li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Dependencies saved to package.json will be configured with an exact version
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rather than using npm's default semver range operator.</p>
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<h4 id="global"><code>global</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: false</li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the <code>prefix</code>
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folder instead of the current working directory. See
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<a href="../configuring-npm/folders.html">folders</a> for more on the differences in behavior.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>packages are installed into the <code>{prefix}/lib/node_modules</code> folder, instead
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of the current working directory.</li>
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<li>bin files are linked to <code>{prefix}/bin</code></li>
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<li>man pages are linked to <code>{prefix}/share/man</code></li>
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</ul>
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<h4 id="install-strategy"><code>install-strategy</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: "hoisted"</li>
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<li>Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked"</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted
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(default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary
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within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in
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place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct
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deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store,
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link in place, unhoisted.</p>
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<h4 id="legacy-bundling"><code>legacy-bundling</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: false</li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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<li>DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of
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<code>--install-strategy=nested</code></li>
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</ul>
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<p>Instead of hoisting package installs in <code>node_modules</code>, install packages in
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the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep
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directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no
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de-duplicating. Sets <code>--install-strategy=nested</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="global-style"><code>global-style</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: false</li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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<li>DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of
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<code>--install-strategy=shallow</code></li>
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</ul>
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<p>Only install direct dependencies in the top level <code>node_modules</code>, but hoist
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on deeper dependencies. Sets <code>--install-strategy=shallow</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="strict-peer-deps"><code>strict-peer-deps</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: false</li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If set to <code>true</code>, and <code>--legacy-peer-deps</code> is not set, then <em>any</em>
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conflicting <code>peerDependencies</code> will be treated as an install failure, even
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if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer
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dependency relationships.</p>
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<p>By default, conflicting <code>peerDependencies</code> deep in the dependency graph will
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be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if
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doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside
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the range set in their package's <code>peerDependencies</code> object.</p>
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<p>When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the
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conflict and the packages involved. If <code>--strict-peer-deps</code> is set, then
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this warning is treated as a failure.</p>
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<h4 id="package-lock"><code>package-lock</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: true</li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If set to false, then ignore <code>package-lock.json</code> files when installing. This
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will also prevent <em>writing</em> <code>package-lock.json</code> if <code>save</code> is true.</p>
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<p>This configuration does not affect <code>npm ci</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="omit"><code>omit</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: 'dev' if the <code>NODE_ENV</code> environment variable is set to
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'production', otherwise empty.</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times)</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Note that these dependencies <em>are</em> still resolved and added to the
|
||
|
|
<code>package-lock.json</code> or <code>npm-shrinkwrap.json</code> file. They are just not
|
||
|
|
physically installed on disk.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>If a package type appears in both the <code>--include</code> and <code>--omit</code> lists, then
|
||
|
|
it will be included.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>If the resulting omit list includes <code>'dev'</code>, then the <code>NODE_ENV</code> environment
|
||
|
|
variable will be set to <code>'production'</code> for all lifecycle scripts.</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4 id="ignore-scripts"><code>ignore-scripts</code></h4>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Default: false</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as
|
||
|
|
<code>npm start</code>, <code>npm stop</code>, <code>npm restart</code>, <code>npm test</code>, and <code>npm run-script</code>
|
||
|
|
will still run their intended script if <code>ignore-scripts</code> is set, but they
|
||
|
|
will <em>not</em> run any pre- or post-scripts.</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4 id="audit"><code>audit</code></h4>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Default: true</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the
|
||
|
|
default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the
|
||
|
|
documentation for <a href="../commands/npm-audit.html"><code>npm audit</code></a> for details on what is
|
||
|
|
submitted.</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4 id="bin-links"><code>bin-links</code></h4>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Default: true</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>Tells npm to create symlinks (or <code>.cmd</code> shims on Windows) for package
|
||
|
|
executables.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the
|
||
|
|
fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix
|
||
|
|
systems.</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4 id="fund"><code>fund</code></h4>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Default: true</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>When "true" displays the message at the end of each <code>npm install</code>
|
||
|
|
acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See <a href="../commands/npm-fund.html"><code>npm fund</code></a> for details.</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4 id="dry-run"><code>dry-run</code></h4>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Default: false</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should
|
||
|
|
only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the
|
||
|
|
commands that modify your local installation, eg, <code>install</code>, <code>update</code>,
|
||
|
|
<code>dedupe</code>, <code>uninstall</code>, as well as <code>pack</code> and <code>publish</code>.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg <code>dist-tags</code>,
|
||
|
|
<code>owner</code>, etc.</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4 id="workspace"><code>workspace</code></h4>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Default:</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Type: String (can be set multiple times)</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the
|
||
|
|
current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by
|
||
|
|
this configuration option.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Valid values for the <code>workspace</code> config are either:</p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Workspace names</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Path to a workspace directory</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all
|
||
|
|
workspaces within that folder)</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>When set for the <code>npm init</code> command, this may be set to the folder of a
|
||
|
|
workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a
|
||
|
|
brand new workspace within the project.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4 id="workspaces"><code>workspaces</code></h4>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Default: null</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Type: null or Boolean</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>Set to true to run the command in the context of <strong>all</strong> configured
|
||
|
|
workspaces.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like <code>install</code> to
|
||
|
|
ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly:</p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Commands that operate on the <code>node_modules</code> tree (install, update, etc.)
|
||
|
|
will link workspaces into the <code>node_modules</code> folder. - Commands that do
|
||
|
|
other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project,
|
||
|
|
<em>unless</em> one or more workspaces are specified in the <code>workspace</code> config.</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4 id="include-workspace-root"><code>include-workspace-root</code></h4>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Default: false</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>When false, specifying individual workspaces via the <code>workspace</code> config, or
|
||
|
|
all workspaces via the <code>workspaces</code> flag, will cause npm to operate only on
|
||
|
|
the specified workspaces, and not on the root project.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4 id="install-links"><code>install-links</code></h4>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Default: false</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular
|
||
|
|
dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on
|
||
|
|
workspaces.</p>
|
||
|
|
<h3 id="see-also">See Also</h3>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../using-npm/package-spec.html">package spec</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../using-npm/developers.html">npm developers</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../configuring-npm/package-json.html">package.json</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../commands/npm-install.html">npm install</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../configuring-npm/folders.html">npm folders</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../commands/npm-config.html">npm config</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../configuring-npm/npmrc.html">npmrc</a></li>
|
||
|
|
</ul></div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<footer id="edit">
|
||
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/npm/cli/edit/latest/docs/content/commands/npm-link.md">
|
||
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</svg>
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Edit this page on GitHub
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</a>
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</footer>
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</section>
|
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||
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|
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|
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</body></html>
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