313 lines
11 KiB
HTML
313 lines
11 KiB
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npm command-line interface
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<section id="content">
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<header class="title">
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<h1 id="workspaces">workspaces</h1>
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<span class="description">Working with workspaces</span>
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</header>
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<section id="table_of_contents">
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<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
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<div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><li><a href="#defining-workspaces">Defining workspaces</a></li><li><a href="#getting-started-with-workspaces">Getting started with workspaces</a></li><li><a href="#adding-dependencies-to-a-workspace">Adding dependencies to a workspace</a></li><li><a href="#using-workspaces">Using workspaces</a></li><li><a href="#running-commands-in-the-context-of-workspaces">Running commands in the context of workspaces</a></li><li><a href="#ignoring-missing-scripts">Ignoring missing scripts</a></li><li><a href="#see-also">See also</a></li></ul></div>
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</section>
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<div id="_content"><h3 id="description">Description</h3>
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<p><strong>Workspaces</strong> is a generic term that refers to the set of features in the
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npm cli that provides support to managing multiple packages from your local
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file system from within a singular top-level, root package.</p>
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<p>This set of features makes up for a much more streamlined workflow handling
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linked packages from the local file system. Automating the linking process
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as part of <code>npm install</code> and avoiding manually having to use <code>npm link</code> in
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order to add references to packages that should be symlinked into the current
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<code>node_modules</code> folder.</p>
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<p>We also refer to these packages being auto-symlinked during <code>npm install</code> as a
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single <strong>workspace</strong>, meaning it's a nested package within the current local
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file system that is explicitly defined in the <a href="../configuring-npm/package-json#workspaces.html"><code>package.json</code></a>
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<code>workspaces</code> configuration.</p>
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<h3 id="defining-workspaces">Defining workspaces</h3>
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<p>Workspaces are usually defined via the <code>workspaces</code> property of the
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<a href="../configuring-npm/package-json#workspaces.html"><code>package.json</code></a> file, e.g:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-json">{
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"name": "my-workspaces-powered-project",
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"workspaces": [
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"packages/a"
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]
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>Given the above <code>package.json</code> example living at a current working
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directory <code>.</code> that contains a folder named <code>packages/a</code> that itself contains
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a <code>package.json</code> inside it, defining a Node.js package, e.g:</p>
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<pre><code>.
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+-- package.json
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`-- packages
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+-- a
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| `-- package.json
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</code></pre>
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<p>The expected result once running <code>npm install</code> in this current working
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directory <code>.</code> is that the folder <code>packages/a</code> will get symlinked to the
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<code>node_modules</code> folder of the current working dir.</p>
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<p>Below is a post <code>npm install</code> example, given that same previous example
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structure of files and folders:</p>
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<pre><code>.
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+-- node_modules
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| `-- a -> ../packages/a
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+-- package-lock.json
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+-- package.json
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`-- packages
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+-- a
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| `-- package.json
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="getting-started-with-workspaces">Getting started with workspaces</h3>
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<p>You may automate the required steps to define a new workspace using
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<a href="../commands/npm-init.html">npm init</a>. For example in a project that already has a
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<code>package.json</code> defined you can run:</p>
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<pre><code>npm init -w ./packages/a
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</code></pre>
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<p>This command will create the missing folders and a new <code>package.json</code>
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file (if needed) while also making sure to properly configure the
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<code>"workspaces"</code> property of your root project <code>package.json</code>.</p>
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<h3 id="adding-dependencies-to-a-workspace">Adding dependencies to a workspace</h3>
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<p>It's possible to directly add/remove/update dependencies of your workspaces
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using the <a href="../using-npm/config#workspace.html"><code>workspace</code> config</a>.</p>
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<p>For example, assuming the following structure:</p>
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<pre><code>.
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+-- package.json
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`-- packages
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+-- a
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| `-- package.json
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`-- b
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`-- package.json
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</code></pre>
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<p>If you want to add a dependency named <code>abbrev</code> from the registry as a
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dependency of your workspace <strong>a</strong>, you may use the workspace config to tell
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the npm installer that package should be added as a dependency of the provided
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workspace:</p>
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<pre><code>npm install abbrev -w a
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</code></pre>
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<p>Note: other installing commands such as <code>uninstall</code>, <code>ci</code>, etc will also
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respect the provided <code>workspace</code> configuration.</p>
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<h3 id="using-workspaces">Using workspaces</h3>
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<p>Given the <a href="https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v14.x/docs/api/modules.html#modules_all_together">specifities of how Node.js handles module resolution</a> it's possible to consume any defined workspace
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by its declared <code>package.json</code> <code>name</code>. Continuing from the example defined
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above, let's also create a Node.js script that will require the workspace <code>a</code>
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example module, e.g:</p>
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<pre><code>// ./packages/a/index.js
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module.exports = 'a'
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// ./lib/index.js
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const moduleA = require('a')
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console.log(moduleA) // -> a
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</code></pre>
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<p>When running it with:</p>
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<p><code>node lib/index.js</code></p>
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<p>This demonstrates how the nature of <code>node_modules</code> resolution allows for
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<strong>workspaces</strong> to enable a portable workflow for requiring each <strong>workspace</strong>
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in such a way that is also easy to <a href="../commands/npm-publish.html">publish</a> these
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nested workspaces to be consumed elsewhere.</p>
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<h3 id="running-commands-in-the-context-of-workspaces">Running commands in the context of workspaces</h3>
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<p>You can use the <code>workspace</code> configuration option to run commands in the context
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of a configured workspace.
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Additionally, if your current directory is in a workspace, the <code>workspace</code>
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configuration is implicitly set, and <code>prefix</code> is set to the root workspace.</p>
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<p>Following is a quick example on how to use the <code>npm run</code> command in the context
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of nested workspaces. For a project containing multiple workspaces, e.g:</p>
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<pre><code>.
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+-- package.json
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`-- packages
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+-- a
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| `-- package.json
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`-- b
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`-- package.json
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</code></pre>
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<p>By running a command using the <code>workspace</code> option, it's possible to run the
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given command in the context of that specific workspace. e.g:</p>
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<pre><code>npm run test --workspace=a
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</code></pre>
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<p>You could also run the command within the workspace.</p>
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<pre><code>cd packages/a && npm run test
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</code></pre>
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<p>Either will run the <code>test</code> script defined within the
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<code>./packages/a/package.json</code> file.</p>
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<p>Please note that you can also specify this argument multiple times in the
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command-line in order to target multiple workspaces, e.g:</p>
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<pre><code>npm run test --workspace=a --workspace=b
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</code></pre>
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<p>Or run the command for each workspace within the 'packages' folder:</p>
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<pre><code>npm run test --workspace=packages
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</code></pre>
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<p>It's also possible to use the <code>workspaces</code> (plural) configuration option to
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enable the same behavior but running that command in the context of <strong>all</strong>
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configured workspaces. e.g:</p>
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<pre><code>npm run test --workspaces
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</code></pre>
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<p>Will run the <code>test</code> script in both <code>./packages/a</code> and <code>./packages/b</code>.</p>
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<p>Commands will be run in each workspace in the order they appear in your <code>package.json</code></p>
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<pre><code>{
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"workspaces": [ "packages/a", "packages/b" ]
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>Order of run is different with:</p>
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<pre><code>{
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"workspaces": [ "packages/b", "packages/a" ]
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}
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="ignoring-missing-scripts">Ignoring missing scripts</h3>
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<p>It is not required for all of the workspaces to implement scripts run with the <code>npm run</code> command.</p>
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<p>By running the command with the <code>--if-present</code> flag, npm will ignore workspaces missing target script.</p>
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<pre><code>npm run test --workspaces --if-present
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="see-also">See also</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-install.html">npm install</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-publish.html">npm publish</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-run-script.html">npm run-script</a></li>
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<li><a href="../using-npm/config.html">config</a></li>
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</ul></div>
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