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387 lines
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npm command-line interface
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<section id="content">
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<header class="title">
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<h1 id="npm-init">npm-init</h1>
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<span class="description">Create a package.json file</span>
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</header>
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<section id="table_of_contents">
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<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
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<div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><ul><li><a href="#forwarding-additional-options">Forwarding additional options</a></li></ul><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#workspaces-support">Workspaces support</a></li><li><a href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li><ul><li><a href="#yes"><code>yes</code></a></li><li><a href="#force"><code>force</code></a></li><li><a href="#scope"><code>scope</code></a></li><li><a href="#workspace"><code>workspace</code></a></li><li><a href="#workspaces"><code>workspaces</code></a></li><li><a href="#workspaces-update"><code>workspaces-update</code></a></li><li><a href="#include-workspace-root"><code>include-workspace-root</code></a></li></ul><li><a href="#see-also">See Also</a></li></ul></div>
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</section>
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<div id="_content"><h3 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">npm init <package-spec> (same as `npx <package-spec>`)
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npm init <@scope> (same as `npx <@scope>/create`)
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aliases: create, innit
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
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<p><code>npm init <initializer></code> can be used to set up a new or existing npm
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package.</p>
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<p><code>initializer</code> in this case is an npm package named <code>create-<initializer></code>,
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which will be installed by <a href="../commands/npm-exec.html"><code>npm-exec</code></a>, and then have its
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main bin executed -- presumably creating or updating <code>package.json</code> and
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running any other initialization-related operations.</p>
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<p>The init command is transformed to a corresponding <code>npm exec</code> operation as
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follows:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>npm init foo</code> -> <code>npm exec create-foo</code></li>
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<li><code>npm init @usr/foo</code> -> <code>npm exec @usr/create-foo</code></li>
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<li><code>npm init @usr</code> -> <code>npm exec @usr/create</code></li>
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<li><code>npm init @usr@2.0.0</code> -> <code>npm exec @usr/create@2.0.0</code></li>
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<li><code>npm init @usr/foo@2.0.0</code> -> <code>npm exec @usr/create-foo@2.0.0</code></li>
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</ul>
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<p>If the initializer is omitted (by just calling <code>npm init</code>), init will fall
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back to legacy init behavior. It will ask you a bunch of questions, and
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then write a package.json for you. It will attempt to make reasonable
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guesses based on existing fields, dependencies, and options selected. It is
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strictly additive, so it will keep any fields and values that were already
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set. You can also use <code>-y</code>/<code>--yes</code> to skip the questionnaire altogether. If
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you pass <code>--scope</code>, it will create a scoped package.</p>
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<p><em>Note:</em> if a user already has the <code>create-<initializer></code> package
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globally installed, that will be what <code>npm init</code> uses. If you want npm
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to use the latest version, or another specific version you must specify
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it:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>npm init foo@latest</code> # fetches and runs the latest <code>create-foo</code> from
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the registry</li>
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<li><code>npm init foo@1.2.3</code> # runs <code>create-foo@1.2.3</code> specifically</li>
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</ul>
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<h4 id="forwarding-additional-options">Forwarding additional options</h4>
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<p>Any additional options will be passed directly to the command, so <code>npm init foo -- --hello</code> will map to <code>npm exec -- create-foo --hello</code>.</p>
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<p>To better illustrate how options are forwarded, here's a more evolved
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example showing options passed to both the <strong>npm cli</strong> and a create package,
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both following commands are equivalent:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>npm init foo -y --registry=<url> -- --hello -a</code></li>
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<li><code>npm exec -y --registry=<url> -- create-foo --hello -a</code></li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
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<p>Create a new React-based project using
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<a href="https://npm.im/create-react-app"><code>create-react-app</code></a>:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">$ npm init react-app ./my-react-app
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</code></pre>
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<p>Create a new <code>esm</code>-compatible package using
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<a href="https://npm.im/create-esm"><code>create-esm</code></a>:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">$ mkdir my-esm-lib && cd my-esm-lib
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$ npm init esm --yes
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</code></pre>
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<p>Generate a plain old package.json using legacy init:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">$ mkdir my-npm-pkg && cd my-npm-pkg
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$ git init
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$ npm init
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</code></pre>
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<p>Generate it without having it ask any questions:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">$ npm init -y
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="workspaces-support">Workspaces support</h3>
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<p>It's possible to create a new workspace within your project by using the
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<code>workspace</code> config option. When using <code>npm init -w <dir></code> the cli will
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create the folders and boilerplate expected while also adding a reference
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to your project <code>package.json</code> <code>"workspaces": []</code> property in order to make
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sure that new generated <strong>workspace</strong> is properly set up as such.</p>
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<p>Given a project with no workspaces, e.g:</p>
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<pre><code>.
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+-- package.json
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</code></pre>
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<p>You may generate a new workspace using the legacy init:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">$ npm init -w packages/a
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</code></pre>
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<p>That will generate a new folder and <code>package.json</code> file, while also updating
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your top-level <code>package.json</code> to add the reference to this new workspace:</p>
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<pre><code>.
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+-- package.json
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`-- packages
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`-- a
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`-- package.json
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</code></pre>
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<p>The workspaces init also supports the <code>npm init <initializer> -w <dir></code>
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syntax, following the same set of rules explained earlier in the initial
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<strong>Description</strong> section of this page. Similar to the previous example of
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creating a new React-based project using
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<a href="https://npm.im/create-react-app"><code>create-react-app</code></a>, the following syntax
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will make sure to create the new react app as a nested <strong>workspace</strong> within your
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project and configure your <code>package.json</code> to recognize it as such:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">npm init -w packages/my-react-app react-app .
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</code></pre>
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<p>This will make sure to generate your react app as expected, one important
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consideration to have in mind is that <code>npm exec</code> is going to be run in the
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context of the newly created folder for that workspace, and that's the reason
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why in this example the initializer uses the initializer name followed with a
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dot to represent the current directory in that context, e.g: <code>react-app .</code>:</p>
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<pre><code>.
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+-- package.json
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`-- packages
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+-- a
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| `-- package.json
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`-- my-react-app
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+-- README
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+-- package.json
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`-- ...
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="configuration">Configuration</h3>
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<h4 id="yes"><code>yes</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: null</li>
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<li>Type: null or Boolean</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Automatically answer "yes" to any prompts that npm might print on the
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command line.</p>
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<h4 id="force"><code>force</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: false</li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Removes various protections against unfortunate side effects, common
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mistakes, unnecessary performance degradation, and malicious input.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Allow clobbering non-npm files in global installs.</li>
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<li>Allow the <code>npm version</code> command to work on an unclean git repository.</li>
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<li>Allow deleting the cache folder with <code>npm cache clean</code>.</li>
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<li>Allow installing packages that have an <code>engines</code> declaration requiring a
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different version of npm.</li>
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<li>Allow installing packages that have an <code>engines</code> declaration requiring a
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different version of <code>node</code>, even if <code>--engine-strict</code> is enabled.</li>
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<li>Allow <code>npm audit fix</code> to install modules outside your stated dependency
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range (including SemVer-major changes).</li>
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<li>Allow unpublishing all versions of a published package.</li>
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<li>Allow conflicting peerDependencies to be installed in the root project.</li>
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<li>Implicitly set <code>--yes</code> during <code>npm init</code>.</li>
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<li>Allow clobbering existing values in <code>npm pkg</code></li>
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<li>Allow unpublishing of entire packages (not just a single version).</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If you don't have a clear idea of what you want to do, it is strongly
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recommended that you do not use this option!</p>
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<h4 id="scope"><code>scope</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: the scope of the current project, if any, or ""</li>
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<li>Type: String</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Associate an operation with a scope for a scoped registry.</p>
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<p>Useful when logging in to or out of a private registry:</p>
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<pre><code># log in, linking the scope to the custom registry
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npm login --scope=@mycorp --registry=https://registry.mycorp.com
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# log out, removing the link and the auth token
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npm logout --scope=@mycorp
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</code></pre>
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<p>This will cause <code>@mycorp</code> to be mapped to the registry for future
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installation of packages specified according to the pattern
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<code>@mycorp/package</code>.</p>
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<p>This will also cause <code>npm init</code> to create a scoped package.</p>
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<pre><code># accept all defaults, and create a package named "@foo/whatever",
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# instead of just named "whatever"
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npm init --scope=@foo --yes
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</code></pre>
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<h4 id="workspace"><code>workspace</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default:</li>
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<li>Type: String (can be set multiple times)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the
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current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by
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this configuration option.</p>
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<p>Valid values for the <code>workspace</code> config are either:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Workspace names</li>
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<li>Path to a workspace directory</li>
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<li>Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all
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workspaces within that folder)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>When set for the <code>npm init</code> command, this may be set to the folder of a
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workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a
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brand new workspace within the project.</p>
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<p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
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<h4 id="workspaces"><code>workspaces</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: null</li>
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<li>Type: null or Boolean</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Set to true to run the command in the context of <strong>all</strong> configured
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workspaces.</p>
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<p>Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like <code>install</code> to
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ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Commands that operate on the <code>node_modules</code> tree (install, update, etc.)
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will link workspaces into the <code>node_modules</code> folder. - Commands that do
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other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project,
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<em>unless</em> one or more workspaces are specified in the <code>workspace</code> config.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
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<h4 id="workspaces-update"><code>workspaces-update</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: true</li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If set to true, the npm cli will run an update after operations that may
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possibly change the workspaces installed to the <code>node_modules</code> folder.</p>
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<h4 id="include-workspace-root"><code>include-workspace-root</code></h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Default: false</li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command.</p>
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<p>When false, specifying individual workspaces via the <code>workspace</code> config, or
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all workspaces via the <code>workspaces</code> flag, will cause npm to operate only on
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the specified workspaces, and not on the root project.</p>
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<p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
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<h3 id="see-also">See Also</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../using-npm/package-spec.html">package spec</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://npm.im/init-package-json">init-package-json module</a></li>
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<li><a href="../configuring-npm/package-json.html">package.json</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-version.html">npm version</a></li>
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<li><a href="../using-npm/scope.html">npm scope</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-exec.html">npm exec</a></li>
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<li><a href="../using-npm/workspaces.html">npm workspaces</a></li>
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</ul></div>
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